Questions and Answers
How can you offer high performance off-grid solar water heating technology at a competitive price?
- Because Solartwin is far simpler than traditional solar water heating.
- Designing out complexity means designing away from problems.
- Minimising disruption, Solartwin usually takes less than a day to fit.
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You claim low solar water heating running costs? How?
- No mains electric bills, thanks to Solartwin’s 100% solar powered pump. Solartwin=heat+electricity.
- Solartwin often needs less top-up heating than traditional solar technology, thanks to more hot and less tepid water due to the way hot water is stratified (floated) over cold
- Rapid fitting, less top-up heating & solar powered pumping = real value, not just to you but also to the environment.
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How big is the main solar hot water panel?
It usually looks big on the ground and smaller on the roof! The main Solartwin solar hot water panel measures 2.465m x 1.265m x 80mm deep. (approx 8’ 5” x 4’ 5” x 3”).
Fitted, it normally projects less than 100mm above the roof, so it is often treated as “permitted development” by UK planners. Its “footprint” with frame is 3.25 sq m. The “aperture” to the sun is 2.8 sq m. Lightweight, weighing 31 kg (empty) or 33 kg (full) it rarely requires UK building control. Below is a diagram which illustrates the size of the standard landscape panel.

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So what's the concept?
We offer simple, technically elegant, double award winning new solar panel technology, which offers you a sustainable solar home with a difference. Our design brief maximises reliability, simplicity, environmental benefits and solar hot water delivery while minimising capital and running costs.
Invented at Napier University, Edinburgh, Solartwin won a DTI “Smart Award” for its innovative freeze-tolerant solar water heating technology in 1998.
In 2003 it won again - a "Smart Achievement Award (PDF) ” - this time for commercial success.
Hidden in Solartwin's solar panel is our patented heat absorber. This contains our unique flexible water channels.
- Double glazing in front of the solar panel lets the sun’s heat and light in. This solar energy makes it very hot.
- Daylight runs an “intelligent” and efficient variable speed solar electric pump.
- It pumps cold water, via a narrow pipe, from the bottom of your existing hot water cylinder into the solar hot water panel. Here, the water heats up.
- Thanks to the pump, your solar hot water, and the free energy it contains, then delivers itself, direct, to the top of the hot water cylinder. That’s it.
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Do the panels look OK?
We think they make a great home improvement! - (installation photos) Inevitably, solar heating roof panels can be visible parts of the outside of a building, so we aim for classic good looks (rather than garish conspicuity!). Solartwin’s slim matt black frame looks like a big, neat roof window. Optional additional “glazing bars” can be of value in conservation areas. We now also offer bespoke frame colour options including brown, cream, blue-grey and deep red.
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What about reliability and maintenance issues?
- Solartwin is reliable, proven, robust, safe, low maintenance, form of solar water heating. It comes with a 5 year performance warranty in UK / Ireland.
- Comprising very few parts and made in UK under ISO 9002 quality management, Solartwin is intrinsically reliable. It uses no antifreeze chemicals and frees you from safety concerns about highly pressurised piping, mains voltages and large smashable glass panels or tubes.
- Robust yet flexible pipes made from silicone rubber give bacteriological safety, as do high water temperatures.
- Electric power cuts do not make Solartwin need repressurisation by an engineer.
- Going on holiday? Solartwin solar panel is inherently self-regulating, so you don’t need to invite neighbours in for baths. You can even turn off the main stopcock if you want.
- Moving house? Simply un-install and re-install your solar panel: your warranty is portable!
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Why all this environmental focus?
- Because solar water heating is (potentially) a profoundly environmental product, and we want to make it that way.
- Because our 100% solar electric pumping system eliminates the typical 20% environmental penalty associated with using mains electricity to run solar heating pumps and controls.
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Where's the evidence of this 20%?
- A recent UK government-funded study of eight solar water heating systems at Milton Keynes confirmed what has long been suspected: that the environmental benefits of solar can be substantially improved by eliminating mains electricity. (Side by side testing of eight solar water heating systems 2001 DTI/Pub URN 01/1292 (PDF) )
- In this study, flat plate solar hot water systems negated an average of 17% of their potential global warming benefits (i.e. CO2 savings) by using mains electricity.
- For partial-vacuum tubes ("solar tubes"), their loss averaged even higher, at 23%.
- In other words, if you run mains-powered solar for ten years, its electricity consumption deletes its CO2 saving by about two years.
Solartwin’s environment-centred solar water heating design brief specifies a solar electric pump. So your CO2 savings won’t retreat two steps after advancing ten.
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Any other environmental issues apart from the benefits of solar pumping?
Yes, our solar technology and ways of working are environment-centred. For example:
- goodbye to antifreeze chemicals
- keep your cylinder: waste less
- uses “green” hydro-aluminium
- lightweight: less embodied energy
- hotter water = less top up heat
- energy-efficient microbore pipes
- phone, not car surveys save CO2
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What is so green and simple about Solartwin?
Its freeze-tolerant technology is the key to its simplicity. Solartwin’s flexible thermally conductive pipes actually freeze solid in winter without cracking. In sun, they thaw out fast. This “Holy Grail” of our solar panel makes Solartwin unique, by:
- Eliminating most of the controllers, plumbing, antifreeze, unreliability & maintenance inherent in traditional solar water heating systems.
- Usually delivering hotter water whether it is sunny or overcast, and earlier in the day.
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Hotter water, how?
Because of Solartwin’s variable speed single pass pumping, our panel coatings, no heat exchangers and stratified (top down) hot water storage...
- Variable speed pumping is more accurate than traditional on-off control. Solartwin measures and adjusts to daylight as dull as 10-20%, so water stays longer in the panel, heating up better.
- Our panel coatings maximise heat gain up to around 70C, while usually giving boil-protection when you are away. Harvesting 95% (+/- 3%) of ordinary daylight plus non-visible infrared, our coatings don’t need hot days nor bright days to catch energy effectively.
- No heat exchangers. Indirect solar heats water via a heat exchanger at the bottom of a costly new cylinder. But solar heat exchangers impose system inefficiencies: they rely on cooling in order to operate. Some partially evacuated tube (solar tube / evacuated tube) systems have second heat exchangers on the roof.
- Top down heat. Solartwin delivers heated water direct to the top your existing cylinder, maximising temperature by floating (stratifying) it, unmixed, on cooler water below. So when you open your tap, Solartwin hot water arrives, first. And it gets hot earlier in the day.
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So what is the specification?
A standard Solartwin installation supersedes traditional solar thermal technology in several ways. It gives direct solar water heating from a patented, freeze tolerant, double glazed flat plate with a variable low speed photovoltaic circulation, using no heat exchanger. (Earlier solar thermal generations used indirect antifreeze circuits, heat exchangers, mains powered control, high speed pumping plus single or double glazed collectors such as metal back-piped flat plates or partial-vacuum tubes / evacuated tube solar panels.)
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What is it made of?
The main metal is mainly hydro-electrically made aluminium, with a lower environmental impact than aluminium made using fossil fuel. For durability, external screws / bolts are stainless steel. The absorber coatings are semi-selective. Double glazing is UV-stable polycarbonate. Double, rather than single glazing optimises winter performance. Insulation is zero-ODP pentane-blown rigid foam.
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Pump specification?
The 21 volt (peak) photovoltaic panel powers a self-regulating, variable speed, long life brushless DC motor. This drives Solartwin’s positive displacement pump. Valves in it stop “reverse thermosyphon” at night, and a bypass valve protects against “frozen by day” conditions.
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Flexible pipes.
Solartwin’s freeze-tolerant, corrosion-resistant pipes are made of silicone rubber. Its extreme temperature tolerance range is: -60C to +200C! This silicone is also used, for hygiene reasons, for milk pipes in dairies. Its material conforms to the requirements of UK-WRAS for hot water and European Extraction Testing Regs 90/129/EC (BGVV XXI) for food contact, and USA FDA 21 CFR 177.2600 for food contact.
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Energy Saving... How big is Solartwin’s output?
Solartwin typically heats a normal 120 litre cylinder to 50-60C on a sunny March or Sept. day ( 60-80C in summer). Independently tested, Solartwin delivered 1000 kWh (3.6 GJ) of clean green energy as solar hot water a year in UK. It saves far more bought-in energy. Peak output is 1.6 kW, similar to an immersion heater.
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Solartwin offers the best quality, convenience and design under the sun...
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